Book Review Psychology Theology Spirituality in Christian Counseling

Prof. Mark R. McMinn, Ph. D. , at Wheaton College Graduate School in Wheaton, Illinois, directs and teaches in the Doctor of Psychology program. A representative in Clinical Psychology of the American Board of Professional Psychology, McMinn has thirteen years of postdoctoral experience in counseling, psychotherapy, and psychological testing.McMinn have authored some very useful books to his credit these include The Jekyll/Hyde Syndrome: Controlling Inner Conflict through Authentic Living; Cognitive Therapy Techniques in Christian Counseling; Making the Best of Stress: How Life's Hassles Can Form the Fruit of the Spirit; and Christians in the Crossfire (written with James D. Foster). Book review: Psychology Theology and Spirituality in Christian Counseling Mark McMinn evidently accomplished his aim through the book â€Å"Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling.† That is, he has sketched the definitions, similarities, and differences between these three o verlying subjects for his readers, specifically Christian counselors, pastors, and students. Keeping in view the deviating thoughts on these issues, everyone will not agree with his explanations. Nor will they conform where he sketches the lines of overlap. And perhaps even less with his stance on incorporation or non-integration of these three subjects. Dr. McMinn uses relational cognitive therapy from a Christian perspective. All psychotherapies begin with particular worldview theories—typically a complex amalgam of science and metaphysics.A Christian theology hypothesize that God created and loves human, and all features of our world are stained by the influences of sin, and that God is energetic in curing and renovating that which is broken. From a Christian perception, Relational cognitive therapy can be used with a large range of clients, irrespective of their theological thoughts. The aim is not theological relationship, but psychological growth and spiritual knowledge . Like all psychotherapies, this approach begins with certain worldview theory that may influence clients' beliefs and norms in psychotherapy.These worldview theories should be revealed to clients early in therapy during the informed approval process. This therapy can be used with a broad range of clients, but not by a broad range of therapists. Therapists use this method need to have preparation in cognitive and relational therapies as well as an obvious consideration of a Christian worldview. â€Å"After many years of providing psychotherapy and studying the scientific literature on its effectiveness, I am convinced that good therapy works because it is a place that emulates grace.It is a place of acceptance and mercy, a place where sin and the consequences of sin can be openly explored without the fear of judgment. This frees people to look honestly at themselves, to become more open in their other relationships, and to move forward into richer and deeper connections with those they love. †¦ A place of grace needs to be a place of open exploration and acceptance, where both sin and the consequences of sin can be named and grieved. † (McMinn, 2004, p. 49) This book provides counselors the up to date techniques, theory, and general knowledge that is important to their field.This book explains the vitality of the spiritual subjects in psychotherapy. It assists counselors to put together the biblical principles of rescue, plea, mercy, recompense, and prayer into their counseling tactics. Generally masses are more theological than psychologists, so it is rational to anticipate that clients more probably will bring up theological ideas in therapy. Irrespective of the therapist's individual theological and spiritual beliefs, it is significant to have a fundamental perception of major theological worldviews in order to comprehend clients' faith perspectives.Secondly, many people in psychological pain seek the assistance of clergy rather than psychologis ts. As many as 40% of possible counseling clients look for help from clergy, and only a minimal percentage of these are recommended to mental health professionals. (McMinn & Dominguez, 2005) Thirdly, psychologists have displayed scientific interest in spirituality in last years, and have explored points of conflation in the languages of science and faith.(Tangney & Dearing, 2003) One comparatively undiscovered area in psychology has to do with the Christian structure of sin. This scripture proposes that all humans are stained and injured by misbehavior of their own and of others. A few psychologists and psychiatrists have endeavored into this area, such as Menninger (1973), Mowrer (1960), and McMinn (2004), but majorly psychologists have not thought about the concept of sin in human understanding and behavior.In the most initial treatment procedure, the patient starts to use words like good and bad, and it is our inclination as therapists to minimize the concentration of these words since they are relevant to a value system within the individual which has led to the current state of stress. †¦ We have jointly done an excellent job of minimizing the demonstration of good and bad and a very poor job of substituting these theories with satisfactory explanations which permit the personal self-acceptance and peace. (Graham, 1980, pp.370–371) This book is not a biblical psychology text (it is not a theology of the human soul), infect it never was projected to be such. Nor is it a history of spirituality (again, not its purpose). Nor is it a tactic for daily practice. Its capability, to sketch the concerns that one must think through when considering the possible relation of these disciplines, is its core importance. Therefore it is function as a catalyst. References Graham, S. R. (1980). Desire, belief, and grace: A psychotherapeutic paradigm.Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 17, 370–371. McMinn, M. R. (2004). Why sin matters: The surp rising relationship between our sin and God's grace. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House. McMinn, M. R. , & Dominguez, A. D. (Eds. ). (2005). Psychology and the church. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science. Menninger, K. (1973). Whatever became of sin? New York: Hawthorn Books. Mowrer, O. H. (1960). â€Å"Sin,† the lesser of two evils. American Psychologist, 15, 301–304. Tangney, J. P. , & Dearing, R. L. (2003). Shame and guilt. New York: Guilford Pres

Personalisation in Health and Social Care Essay

Autism affects around 1 in 100 people, it affects how they communicate and how they see the world around them. The condition affects people in different ways some may live a fairly independent life, others may have accompany learning disabilities and need more specialist care. Autism is a lifelong developmental disability and affects how they see the world around them. People with Autism have said that the world around them can feel like a mass of people, places and events, which they struggle to make sense of. They also find it hard relating to people, understanding them and taking part in everyday family life and social events. People with Autism have difficulties with the following; social communication, social interaction and social imagination, these are known as the ‘triad of impairments’. The difficulties these cause in people’s lives include finding it difficult to form friendships, understanding and interoperating people’s feelings and actions, understanding danger, coping with changes and new or unfamiliar situations. The main problems with communication that people with autism have, are taking what people say literally, understanding jokes and sarcasm and people’s body language and facial expressions, it is important to speak in a clear and consistent way to enable people with Autism time to process what has been said. The characteristics of people with Autism may vary, but the main ones consist of love of routine, if their routines are changed or disrupted it can cause upset and agitation although if they are given enough time and explanation it may be more comfortable for them. Sensory sensitivity, this can occur in one or more of the senses, it can be hypersensitivity or hypo-sensitivity. Special interests, this can be intense interests from an early age and can be anything from art, music, maths or computers. Learning disability, this can affect all areas of a person’s life which involves learning for example; how people learn at school to learning daily living skills. An early diagnosis by a health professional will make a difference because with the right help and support a person with Autism will make good progress. ASPERGER SYNDROME Asperger syndrome is a form of Autism and has all of the characteristics and difficulties as Autism although is not accompanied with a learning disability, but may have specific learning difficulties. These may include dyslexia, dyspraxia, ADHD or epilepsy. People with Asperger syndrome have a big love of routine, they may have rules and ritiuals which they must live by to make sense of their world. Children may line things up, collect and organise things and can be very repetitive. Their special interests can be very intense and sometimes obsessive, they have a big focus on learning and with the correct help and support can do well with studying in their chosen interest. Unlike Autism, Asperger syndrome is harder to diagnose due to the wide variety of symptoms and may not be recognised until adulthood. Some people find the diagnoses unhelpful as it is an unwanted label although for others it is helpful to be able to seek help and support to manage needs and behaviours. Asberger synd rome is quite often known as the ‘hidden disability and there is no cure.

Fairytales May Convey a Hidden Message

As innocent as they seem, from the cute fairytales of Cinderella and her submissive character to the passionate story of Beauty and the Beast, a maiden who falls in love with a beast, the true meaning that lies beneath the pretty shell delivers a different message to children. The idea of the â€Å"traditional† role of women is constantly portrayed in many fairytales. Fairytales, although fantasy-like, still resemble aspects of the world and throughout history, women were considered inferior to men. †¦it is a fair assumption that in a world dominated by men, the fairy tale reflects the world as defined and organized by men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Oliver 86). Stories such as The Little Mermaid by Hans Christian Anderson, Cinderella and Snow White by the Grimm’s Brothers, and Beauty and the Beast (La Belle et la Bete) by Madame Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbet de Villeneuve, emphasize the different inequalities between men and women. â€Å"Girls in Fairyland do not triumph over male s; they obey. † (Oliver 86). An envious step-mother, a mistreated heroine, and a granted wish to go to the ball may not be the only meanings presented in the fairytale of Cinderella. A dangerous message sent to children, especially for young girls, is to be passive till a rescuer (in this case, Cinderella’s mother) to arrive and grant their wishes. Although obedience is a valuable lesson to be learned, Cinderella continues to be submissive to the extent which she is relentlessly abused by her step- mother. Yet, eventually, her passive role is rewarded and as a result, she lives happily ever after with her noble prince. †¦toying with the Cinderella motif, Gardner explodes the notion that every woman is simply waiting for a prince to come along and save her. † (Zipes A32). However, this message taught can be subconsciously embedded into children’s minds and during the periods of maturation, children will have the thought that suffering quietly will ultimately be rewarded. â€Å"While it m ay be true that fairytales offer metaphors for the unconscious (an argument as difficult to prove as to disprove) it is clear that they can affect cognition and belief. As the child absorbs environmental data, learns language, and develops cognition, she begins to say something to herself and about the world and her place in it. † (Oliver 86). Cinderella not only presents the idea of passiveness and femininity, but a message that step – mothers are evil. Throughout many fairytales, step – mothers, old, wise women are wicked and are meant to be overthrown or be rid of. â€Å"â€Å"Cinderella† is the supreme statement of the devastating nature of a parent’s [mother’s] unresolved and destructively acted out oedipal jealousy of a child. (Bettelheim 307). The oedipal mother acts out to destroy the daughter, but later, the daughter is rescued by a man from the evil. Everywhere in â€Å"Fairyland†, the domineering mother is set out to demolish the offspring. Eventually, the step-mother loses her power when trying to intimidate and becomes â€Å"silly†. (Bettelheim 307). Although many fairytales, inclu ding Cinderella, portray the mother in charge as tyrannical, it’s also common to see children having good relationships with their fathers as in Beauty and the Beast. Belle, the main character, has a close bond with her father unlike Cinderella, who poses as a threat to her step-mother. Not only does Belle share a good relationship with her father, but there is no mother figure in the fairytale. (Bettelheim 307). â€Å"†¦the girl’s oedipal father is the gentle, protective, loving man who hands her over to an acceptable suitor at the appropriate time. † (Oliver 87). Many fairytales other than Beauty and the Beast show the father as a caring man, while, on the other hand, mothers tend to have jealous, destructive feelings towards their children. Oliver 87). With the â€Å"loving father† and the â€Å"envious mother†, the message sent to children can be misleading and one-sided. Another example of the â€Å"wicked step-mother† is illustrated in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The innocent beauty, Snow White, and her feminine charms are similar to the common house wife by doing chores around the house while mai ntaining a certain image of perfection and beauty. Her step-mother is in â€Å"competition† with Snow White; activeness and power versus submissiveness and obedience. The competition between Snow white and the queen turns into a struggle for survival between two halves of a single personality: passivity and tractability as opposed to inventive and subversive activism. † (Barzilai 520). Once again, another fairytale shows the rivalry which the mother figure is set to destroy the daughter. The over-assertive woman (in this case, the queen) is represented as an envious monster. â€Å"The queen is characterized throughout in unremittingly negative terms: she is most often deemed â€Å"wicked†, but she is also proud, overbearing, and envious. (Barzilai 520). There are many examples in â€Å"Fairyland† which give a bad reputation towards the step-mother or the mother figure. Beauty and the Beast is a popular fairytale about a girl who falls in love with a beast and in return the beast becomes her prince. Luckily, for Belle, the beast’s true nature was a compassionate, kind- hearted man. However, it may not be the situation in the average lives of women who are constantly abused by their spouses. Young girls receive from this romantic love story that love will eventually change their partners. (Mangan 10). Beauty and the Beast, for example, is said to foster the notion that love can alter the nature of a man and make early absorbers of the information more inclined to stay with a violent partner in the hope that she can change his behaviour. † (Mangan 10). Fairytales deliver unrealistic ideas to young children, which send false hopes that can be hazardous. Little Mermaid, a young mermaid who risks all for her prince but suffers tragically in the end, conveys a message to young girls that in order to gain the love of a prince, one must sacrifice all and expect love in return. Still, any cursory sweep through childhood stories w ill reveal further examples of submissive women who were implicitly or explicitly offered up as role models during our formative years†¦The little mermaid who sacrifices her home, family and fishy tail for a crack at the oxygen-breathing prince. † (Mangan 10). In the fairytale, the young mermaid’s tail was traded for a pair of legs, but whenever she would walk, it struck her pain. She suffers throughout the story whenever she was asked to dance for the prince. Although the prince did not love her in return, the little mermaid continued to love him and was granted a soul. However, consequently, she became one with the sea or sea foam as punishment for not wedding the prince on time. Another example of inequality between the genders, why must the heroine suffer for the one she loves. There are many examples in â€Å"Fairyland† that convey the inequalities between genders. The step – mothers and the old witches are viewed as evil, overly- jealous women seeking destruction while the fathers and wise men are caring and compassionate. Cinderella, Snow White and Beauty and the Beast illustrate the different relationships between the heroine and her parents. Not only were women â€Å"evil† but the good ones were meant to be submissive and obedient. Cinderella’s passive example is later on rewarded which can deliver a misleading message to young girls. The Little Mermaid clearly points that she had to sacrifice all for her love. Beauty and the Beast is very dangerous for young girls that love will change their spouses. The innocent story which children for ages grew up to may not be innocent after all. Works Cited Barzilai, Shuli. Reading â€Å"Snow White†: The Mother’s Story. † Signs 15. 3 (1977): 274-300. Bettelheim, Bruno. The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales. New York: Random House, Inc. 1976. Mangan, Lucy. â€Å"G2: Women: Happily never after: Comatose princesses, submissive floor-scrubbers and evil stepmothers may not be the best of role models. à ¢â‚¬  The Guardian 2 May 2005: 10. Oliver, Rose. â€Å"Whatever Became of Goldilocks? † Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 2. 3 (1977): 85-93. Zipes, Jack. â€Å"Children’s Books; Kissing Off Snow White. † The New York Times 22 Mar. 1987: A32. ———————– 1 2

The 80s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The 80s - Essay Example It was a time of revolution against the normal. This was shown through the cultural response of the classy style, and this fashion has achieved to bring up the social feeling that extended to include all manners of consumables and socializations. This style was shown throughout many of the trends of the 1980s. According to Niven, â€Å"jewelry wasn’t just an accessory in the eighties. It was a focal point† (27). Punk fashion which was combination of the hippie movement of the past decades and the current materialist trend also emerged. When it came to hairstyles, people preferred big, curly, dreadlocked and heavy. The fashion included a pair of torn jeans, tights trousers, leather clothes, leg warmers, leggings and athletic shoes. The celebrities wore leather, laced clothes and fishnet stockings and gloves. When it came to a business look, there was the power suit. Knight describes power suit as a â€Å"term popularized in the 1980s that was associated with the attire worn by business men and women to project confidence and authority† (viii-ix).The women during this period wore heavy and bright makeup. They often used light colored lipstick, dark and thick eyelashes and pink and blue blusher. The 1980s clothing was considered unisex. The women wore sweaters that included turtlenecks and V-necks. The most preferred school shoes were knee-high boots and kitten heels, sneakers and jelly shoes. The women had become more colorful as they wore wool coats, long flared skirts and miniskirts. Punk fashion emerged in the1980s. It was popular among people aged 18–22. This fashion was expressed by multi-colored mohawks, â€Å"black clothing, leather jackets, and ripped jeans† (Feinstein 13). Jean jackets were fashionable when fixed with a safety pin, buttons, patches, or cultural trophies. People of the punk style would use bits of fabric and attach them with safety pins. This style soon became a fashionable way of fixing

Article summary and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Article summary and response - Essay Example that he is against sweatshop exploitation and that it should be a collective moral duty to bring the system to an end or to improve it for the benefit of the workers. Meyers begins the article by detailing the arguments against the exploitation of sweatshop workers. The first argument is quite simple, which is that people believe that exploitation practices such as these are morally wrong and should not be implemented in any workplace. Another argument comes from the philosophy of Kant that states that people should not be used â€Å"as a means but always as an end in itself (Meyers, 2007).† This means that it is immoral for employers to take advantage of workers who are desperate and in need of even the slightest bit of money. Meyers then goes into the idea of a basic golden rule, stating that if an individual would not want to be exploited in such a way, then it should not be right for another person to be similarly exploited. The final point that Meyers brings up in regard to those opposing sweatshop exploitation surrounds the fact that the CEOs of these companies are bringing in millions of dollars per year, while their underpaid employees are only bringing in a couple of dollars each day. As such, it should be the moral responsibility of the CEOs to realize that they are making more than they need to survive, and what is left over should be given to the underprivileged employees. Meyers makes it known that CEOs might find this to be unfair, but Meyers stands by the thought that unfair and doing the right thing will often go hand-in-hand. On the side that favors sweatshop labor and exploitation, the greatest argument about whether or not the system is moral or immoral is that the majority of these workers are not being forced into these jobs. They are not being forced to stay in these positions or to accept the meager pay. Due to this, there is no violation whatsoever of human rights. It is their right to decide if they want to work in a sweatshop or not,

Equality and debt case assignment 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Equality and debt case assignment 5 - Essay Example Debt financing has a fixed term for repayment. Like loans the terms can be either short or long and is normally raised from banks and small business administration (SBA). It has a fixed rate of interest payable. However equity financing is not repayable; the lender has a right over the business and can participate along with the board of directors, in the annual shareholder’s meeting, to have an active role in the decision making of the company. It is generally raised by family or friends, who are normally called ‘Angel investors’ (Samuels et al, 2000). Also financing can be got by venture capitalists, private equity firms and the investors are normally referred to as ‘Venture Capitalists’(Samuels et al, 2000). This form of financing does not have a fixed cost, but the cost varies based on the performance of the company. Also with newer investors becoming a part of the business makes the business more credible and gains higher attention from the lende rs network (Weston and Copeland, 1988). In debt financing there is a tendency of businesses to rely too much on the mode of financing, however if the company does not generate enough revenues to pay back the loans it could cause a lot of problems for the business like bad credit ratings and can even lead to closing down of the business. Also it makes the company unattractive to investors. If the company has a lot of loans investors would view and classify the company as ‘High Risk’ which would cause them not to make investments in the business (Samuels et al, 2000). The debt to equity ratio normally affects the cost of debt; hence if the ratio is high it would make it difficult for the business to obtain debt financing. Both the sources of financing require to be well balanced, and it is essential that the company carries out enough debt to balance the equity investment however care needs to be taken not to affect the chances of getting

Weekly Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weekly Discussion - Essay Example In this regard, the reason why Klein and Zeljka have to respond to the counter-arguments posed to the original study was to further make the issue clear. Klein published the article I Was Wrong, and So Are You in The Atlantic, and objected to publishing in The Wall Street Journal. This can be considered as a deliberate attempt of ensuring that the information is tailored to the appropriate audience. In doing this, Klein must have been aware that The Atlantic and The Wall Street Journal command different audience. It is widely argued that The Wall Street Journal is most read by policy makers, including the politicians. On the other hand, The Atlantic is read by the general public, which may not necessarily counter as policy makers, but inform the decision making process. These include parents, students and businessmen. In my view, the reason why information as well as the media should be changed is to assure information objectivity. This is in reference to the fact that people have different points of view and interest. This means that for the objectives of the information to be realized, adjustments for inclusivity should be

Advantages Of The Euro Currency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advantages Of The Euro Currency - Essay Example The greatest advantage of the Euro is that there is regional currency stability due to the fixed exchange rates. The Euro has led to price stability within the EU characterized by low inflationary trends and stable public finances. This has increased the credibility of the Euro due to large currency zone thus stability against the speculation. This credibility is reinforced by a common monetary policy that is governed by the European Central Bank. Currency stability has encouraged trade as there is a reduction in both external and internal currency instability. The single currency eliminated the risks involved in exchange rates making importers and exporters better placed to make accurate growth projections in foreign markets. Businesses no longer pay hedging costs as insurance against currency fluctuations. They are also spared against the costs incurred as a result of accounting across currencies. Small businesses are the greatest beneficiaries as they would otherwise incur greater costs as a result of currency fluctuation, unlike large multinationals that enjoy the benefits of economies of scale. This has encouraged entrepreneurs and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operators' to trade beyond geographical boundaries and expand their businesses (BBC News, 1998). The single currency has encouraged tourism as people are spared the task of currency exchange thus red tape procedures are eliminated. This means that tourists are not at risk because of carrying huge sums of money and do not encounter extra charges because of commissions (BBC News, 1998). It has enabled individuals to trade beyond their geographical locations and compare prices. The internet has made this even better as one can easily shop for the best offer on a product or service.

Human resource management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human resource management - Research Paper Example The program intends to increase productivity and lessen operating cost by letting their employees work when they are most productive and offering them a flexible scheduling and office-space initiative that lets employees work from home or at special telecommuting centers. The program is combination of work-from-home, traditional desk time and group meetings to encourage employees to find a work environment and schedule that makes them most efficient The new work arrangement at Bank of America relates to the class in terms of being consistent with the business organization’s effort to find ways to increase productivity and lessen cost with the use of technology that would ultimately increase profit. The new work arrangement at Bank of America also shows how technology can redefine and expedite work as discussed in class. With regard to increasing productivity, flexible working terms allow employees to work in environment where they are most comfortable and efficient. Issues such as being late due to traffic will be removed by the new employment arrangement. It is also advantageous to Bank of America not only because its employees are now more productive but also it is able to save overhead and other cost associated in keeping employees in office. In fact, Bank of America projected this to reach an amount of USD 8 billion by just allowing employees to work on a flexible terms. By implementing the program, the company will spend less on electricity, furniture and other machine and equipment used by their employees when they are at work in the office. This is also advantageous to employees because it allows them to have a work-life balance as they can also attend to other things at home (such as being with children) while working. The time saved from commuting and preparing for work can instead be channeled to other life enhancing activities such as spending time with family and friends or engaging in

Race Relations in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Race Relations in the United States - Essay Example For example, we know that by definition a species is essentially composed of organisms with the same number and pairs of chromosomes. This is also true for human beings. We are all within one species though gene expression and allele acquisition from parents, may differ slightly throughout populations. The old saying â€Å"knowledge is power† is incredibly useful in this explanation as we are living in a time where there is little room for the arguments of the past which served to segregate human beings based on the color of their skin. Due to recent scientific breakthroughs of the past twenty years, we now know skin color is little more than a variation of the amount of melanin (skin pigmentation) which an individual happens to produce or express. Science has given us the power of knowledge which reminds us that quantitative and non subjective data is indisputable and will permanently outlast any argument which ignorantly tries to suggest that human beings are not created or evolved equally. Race relations of the present in the United States are certainly not perfect but are progressively evolving with time. The genome project as well as other evolutions of contemporary knowledge has essentially laid the foundation for a society which is more inclined to frown upon those who hold strongly to racist ideology and belief systems, rather than to frown on varying cultures or ethnicities. We are living in a sociological and political climate which embraces knowledge, education and information. Because of this, the marginal.

Argue for or against identifying one's race or cultural identify on Essay

Argue for or against identifying one's race or cultural identify on documents such as census forms, college applications, studen - Essay Example The truth is, the concept of race has been a damaging concept within Western society and the way in which we define race is an irrational foundation for the different experiences that people have within the United States. Therefore, the concept of indicating a ‘race’ on a public form such as a census form, college application, student loan, or scholarship application is a continuation of an antiquated and unenlightened form of thinking which depreciates the overall value of society. The basis for defining race is founded on the color of skin. There are a variety of other factors that contribute to creating indicators of race, but the basic concept is defined by the color of a person’s skin. In an expanded capacity, the color of the skin is then combined with physical attributes that are associated with regional ethnic markers that create physically similar characteristics. From the point of view of social standing, race is further defined by similar ancestral back grounds, such as African founded heritages that form the group that is called African American, or Black. However, race is a complicated concept because of the multi-racial aspects of heritage that make up the history of most people within the United States. Therefore, because a skin color appears to be of one race or another, that becomes the founding principal on which race is determined.

Week Four Assignment Essay Example for Free

Week Four Assignment Essay All Americans regardless of their economic standing in the community deserve access to essential and quality preventative, and primary healthcare. Those Americans who currently fall under the â€Å"publicly insured† category (Medicaid), and the medically uninsured, are at similar risk for delayed or non-existent required medical care. Establishing a free, 24 hour accessible Shelby County Primary Care Clinic would eliminate patient medical care delay, and result in large scale overall savings in projected annual medical care costs. (So You Want to Start a Health Center?, 2011) The advantage of free and charitable medical clinics vs. federally funded medical clinics reaches beyond the access to quality care component. Free and charitable clinics are at a financial advantage typically, due to many varying factors. Federally funded clinics fall under the financial responsibility of Federal Government grants, Medicare, state government/Medicaid reimbursement, insurance payers, self-pay, public and private gifts and grants. Free and charitable clinics are financially supported by grants and donations, exclusively. Volunteers provide most if not all primary care, specialty care, dental care and vision care which eliminates a direct savings of 1.28 million for future healthcare costs. (Comparison of Free Charitable Clinics to Federally Funded Clinics, n.d.) The Shelby County community has a longstanding history of community members that struggle to afford basic primary healthcare. Majority of those who reside in this area work non-union, blue-collar jobs that do not provide â€Å"sick† time or the ability to take time off to meet medical needs. Oftentimes, a community member will make just above the poverty level each month to ensure they do not qualify for Medicaid/Medicare, but not enough to afford the standard monthly costs  of medical insurance. Medical issues that could easily be resolved with one or two primary care appointments, end up becoming a medical emergency often times of high expense. The establishment of a 24 hour accessible free medical clinic in the Shelby County comm unity, physically accessible to all, would provide the necessary gap-fill for those who aren’t Medicaid/Medicare applicable. (Why Free Medical Clinics Benefit Everyone, n.d.) Many prepatory considerations must be made in order to ensure the successful establishment and functioning of any free medical clinic. Support of local area hospitals is essential, in order to provide the ancillary services needed such as lab work, radiology/x-rays, and medical providers willing to volunteer both for services provided, and to be members of the respective clinic Board. An acceptable and effective business and strategic plan must be developed and in place prior to the establishment of any free medical clinic. Volunteer staff need to be abreast of all HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) regulations, and the process of credentialing providers, in order to fall under the established medical legal guidelines. A Standard of Clinic Operating Procedures must be created and in place, prior to any clinic operations actually occurring, so all volunteers are educated in the many facets of their job responsibilities and clinic procedures. (OhioFreeClinics.o rg, n.d.) (So You Want to Start a Health Center?, 2011) The result of providing free medical care for those in need is not simply an improved medical and physical state, however important this factor is. The result of preventative care that comes from regular primary care appointments, can eliminate the crowding of emergency rooms for primary care issues such as blood pressure, common colds, asthma (non- emergent) and diabetes (maintenance). When â€Å"standard† primary care issues are managed with education, medication and follow up, patients are stable to live and work without issue. Patients who can afford care are not charged increased amounts to cover for the loss of those who need care, and cannot pay. Businesses avoid losing millions of dollars a year that typically result from productivity loss, due to illness and medical emergency. (Why Free Medical Clinics Benefit Everyone, n.d.) (Kiesel, 2013) Shelby County would not only benefit financially with the implementation of a free medical clinic, but the overall quality of life for those who reside in this county would improve exponentially. Families will no longer have to panic when a  child becomes sick or injured, and does not qualify for Medicaid/Medicare. Businesses do not lose valuable man-hours due to illnesses not treated and managed, resulting in time off work. Pregnant mothers have access to medical care and choices outside of the Medicaid/Medicare system. The positive results coming from this potential endeavor are not just immediate or financial, but continue and expand over time, in the improvement of life in Shelby County as a whole. (Why Free Medical Clinics Benefit Everyone, n.d.) References Comparison of Free Charitable Clinics to Federally Funded Clinics. (n.d.). Retrieved from NAFC: http://nafcclinics.org/sites/default/files/Comparison%20of%20Free%20clinics%20to%20FQHS%202012.pdf Kiesel, L. (2013, December 26). Free Medical Clinics Might Save Millions. Retrieved from The Street: http://www.thestreet.com/story/12176795/1/free-medical-clinics-might-save-millions.html OhioFreeClinics.org. (n.d.). Retrieved from Starting a Free Clinic/A Volunteers in Health Care Guide: http://www.ohiofreeclinics.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/VIHStartingFreeClinic.pdf So You Want to Start a Health Center? (2011, July). Retrieved from NACH: http://www.nachc.com/client/documents/So%20you%20want%20to%20Start-Final%20July%202011.pdf Understanding Health Information Privacy. (n.d.). Retrieved from HHS.gov: http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/ Why Free Medical Clinics Benefit Everyone. (n.d.). Retrieved from Friendship Medical Clinic: http://www.friendshipmedicalclinic.org/about /benefit.html

Majority of UK clothing companies struggling for survival

Majority of UK clothing companies struggling for survival The major share of the UK Clothing market is Womens, girls and childrens making up 68% of the total market. The increase in working women might have been expected to cause an upsurge in demand for smart clothing, but a major feature of the market has been a trend towards short dressing. Which targets the 18 to 25 year old market, has accepted the trend and recently recorded a pre-tax profit margin almost four times that of the industry average. Consumers are now tending towards the budget end of the market, which is targeted by companies such as Primark, Peacocks, Next, and Matalan, or the designer, premium-priced extreme (Fashion infomat, 25 May 2005). Selection of Organisation: This assignment completely deals with the changes in an organisation due to technology and what innovation has been made by the organisation to improve its profitability. Here information technology has taken as important tool of technology. This attempt aims to discuss the influence of IT systems that changes the organisation profitability and the whole structure. In the U.K fashion industry, it is the necessity to identify the market trends and respond immediately to the trends (Fashion infomat, 25 May 2005). Discount chains Next, Peacocks and Primark stores which are going to expand rapidly in this fashion trend accordingly. In the retail fashion industry like M S, Next, Top shop, Matalan etc. through a long period when they have been able to rely solely on declining prices to drive sales upwards. However, with the falling pound value and rising overseas sourcing costs, competing on price is going to become increasingly difficult for them (Fashion Retail Service, 21-May-2009). Why Primark? Look Good Pay Less The current credit crunch hit not only the UK Economy but the whole world Economy. If we look on the current UK clothing retail industry, we shall find out majority of companies are struggling for their survival. There is a few success stories in the current period of time regarding businesses, Primark is one of the company. Associated British Foods the owner of Primark have revealed that sales at Primark rose 18% in the 16 weeks to January 3, 2009 which helped by an increase in selling space and very good like-for-like sales growth. Primarks performance compares favourably with rival Marks Spencer, which reported an 8.9% fall in general sales for its third quarter. The business of Primark, which has 141 stores in UK whereas 200 in whole Europe, saw a  £122 million rise in profits while like-for-like sales increased by 5%. The Primark retailer store is looking to open another seven stores during their second half of this year (Metro Thursday, January 15, 2010). Associated British Foods, the owner of Primark, has beaten expectations with half-year profits of  £275 million, which was helped by a leap in earnings of 10% at the discount clothing retailer. The results represent a 2% dip in profits for Associated British Foods. However, they were higher than the  £262 million consensus estimate (Primark website, 10 August 2010). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Innovation is essential for the life of an organization. The organisations who want to survive in this competitive era need to make innovation in response to the external environment as well as its internal environment. According to Kotter no business can survive over the long term if it cannot reinvent itself (Kotter, 2004). It is an era of technology and information. The rapid development in technology has changed the attitude of the people and the nature of business as well. In this technological era the process of change is very fast and rapid responsive. Technology boosts the process and made different type of innovation. Primark is the one of the organization who understands the importance of technology and innovation process. Primark is the discount cloth retailer working from 41 years. Primark is the fast and affordable fashion idea. The changes has taken by Primark has significant impacts on company performance and profitability. Primark improves his ordering and logistic system which helps to cut down the over head cost. Primark introduce new operational strategy, the company reduces the timing of waiting customer in queues. These changes help to create the value services to customers. Product innovation and improvement, new design, and better customer services are the key points of customer retain and attract new customers are main focus of company. To find out all the valuable information I go throw with primary research. I arrange interviews with Primark management arrange group decisions on Facebook.com and visit the Primark store as well. Academic literature is provided; company analysis, SWOT, recommendation, and conclusion are the key point of this assignment. ACADEMIC LITERATURE Why Innovation? Innovation brings changes in the organisation structure and makes a rise in profitability. Primark is an organisation which dealing with customers in clothing industry and have big set up to manage it. Product life cycle shows the Primark through its stages. http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ Product life cycle shows the four stages of the organisation, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. The organisation was at growth stage when the innovation is being done. Innovation brings changes in the whole set up of the organisation. Innovation: Innovation is a breakthrough approach or idea that can be completely new or an enhancement to something that already exist, it is referencing perspective that will challenge many who just can not see beyond what their own experience is telling them to think or do. Ettlie j., (2006) According to Tidd, J, (2009) innovation is something new that adds value; creativity is something new. Innovation is a change in the thought process for doing something, or the useful application of new inventions or discoveries. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation According to Michael Neito Lewin has three stages model of change theory, first stage is unfreezing that is the organization away from its current position. Once employee recognize and accept it the second stage where changing can begin. The third stage where change is established in organization, its mean refreezing takes place. Employees tasks and structure and socio technical theory a more frequent (Michael. Neito, 2006). The need for Innovation/Change in the UK clothing industry is a given fact that goes hand in hand with the need for improvement and innovation  [1]  (Barrie. L, 2001). Benefits of Innovation There are many benefits of innovation to the organization. The innovation must increase value of the organisaton and customer value. The goal of innovation is positive change, to make someone or something better. Innovation leads to rise in production which means increase in profit. Following are the main benefits of innovation. Creates new industries Maximize productivity and economic growth Fuels wealth creation and profits Generates high-value, higher-paying jobs Raises standard of living 3. Types of innovation Types of Innovation can be classified as under Product and services: the innovation that applied to products and services or market related activities are called products and services innovation. Operational: Innovation that improves the effectiveness and efficiency of core processes and functions of the organisation is called operational innovation. Business model: Innovation that basically transforms the business upwards and provides a better way to work or derives revenue up is called business model innovation. Partnership innovation: Partner innovation mean two businesses or firms get together to make innovation. There may be Government and private partnership innovation for favour of public. Link, (2006) Portfolio innovation: The key to choosing products that contributes to profitability lies in changing the business focus of portfolio management from financial matter to customer value. Mello, et al (2006) Primark has selected operational innovation to up grade the whole infrastructure of the organisation for the favour of organisation and for the favour of its valuable customer. The organisation selects the operational innovation to avoid customers standing long time in queue and for better customer services. Role of Manager in Innovation Managers are either incapable of or somehow exempt from, innovation. Role of manager in the process of innovation is very important. Manager should consider all the aspects regarding innovation in the organisation. According to Roger Bean and Russell Radford there are several points that related to nurturing and fostering innovation that are worthy of more attention to manager. Following are the points that a manager must capable. Personal understanding of the process of innovation Continuous learning and study Curiosity Openness Leadership Focus on strategic issues rather than operational tasks (Roger Bean and Russell Radford, 2002) System development and organizational change: Jon Turner Kenneth Laudon claiming that information system is an opportunistic component. Largely IT systems provided faster and accuracy results in the process of communication. It took the firms to gain competitive advantage in the firms value chain and opportunities  (Jon. Turner Kenneth. Laudon, 1988). Information technology can promote various important organizational change, ranging from incremental to far, reaching like structural organization change that are enabled by information technology: 1) Automation 2) Rationalization 3) Reengineering 4) Paradigm shifts (Kenneth. Laudon and Jane. Laudon, 2009). Innovative Organisation: The organisatiion need to take certain steps to become innovative organisation. Some important steps that should take the organisation are following. (Ettlie, J. 2006) Create strategic vision Create organisation structures that promote collaboration Establish processes to convert ideas into innovations Allocate resources Train workforce on creativity tools Measure and communicate results Recognise creative behaviour Reward innovation results Operations Management: Every time businesses are looking for new and improve methods to improve the efficiency of their operations to achieve higher profitability. Information systems and technologies are some of the most important methods available to managers for achieving high levels of efficiency and productivity (Jane. Laudon and Kenneth. Laudon, 2008). The concept of off shore business and outsourcing has taken a huge advantage for firms to play globally irrespective of its place consideration (Kshetri. Nir, 2007). Operation Productivity: Many retailers have improved their operations productivity through computerisation checkouts, the electronic point of sale system and scanning formats. They use this system to process transactions and monitor inventory efficiently. Computerised registers instantly record and display sales provide detailed receipts and store inventory data. This system lowers costs by reducing transaction time, employee training and the need for item pricing (Barry. Berman and Joel. Evans, 2006). Firms increased its productivity and flexibility with use of IT. But increased cost in installations and maintenance resulted (Olson. Margrethe, 1993). Supply Chain Management: The supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, to fulfil the requirement of customer. These supply chain includes not only the manufacturers and suppliers but also the transporters, warehouses, retailers and even customers themselves, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and full filling the customer request (Sunil. Chopra and Peter. Meindl, 2007). It is clear that it is very important for some level of co-ordination for some level of activities and processes within and between the organisations in the supply chain that extends beyond logistics and this is called Supply chain management (Cooper. C., Lambert. D, and Pagh. D, 1997). The management of upstream and downstream relationship with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as the whole (Douglas. Lambert, 2008). Total Quality Management: Total quality management mean continuous improvement in the business, it is a philosophy for running a business, manage the business right way, total people empowerment, mainly a focus on the customer, a commitment to quality and investment in knowledge (Cali, J.F, 1992). Total Quality Management is considered to be more incremental than business process re-engineering. TQM typically focuses on continuous improve and change rather than stay just in one change (Kenneth. L and Jane. L, 2006). How information systems support quality improvements? By Mithas, Krishnan, Fornell, the Service industries are performed better with customers than manufacturing industries. Information affects the products quality and its value. With that the research outlined market value of firms are increased for the firms using IT in its core business operations  (Fornell. S, and Mithas. S, 2005). The study found that the new theory evolved in fashion industry due to IT in place. It changed the force of influence and fashion dimension in respect to the type of business (Lee. Jintae and Collar. Emilio, 2002). New Products: The products are serviced is the principle component of marketing as it provides revenue without which commercial activity could not take place. The following are the products used in marketing: Innovative products are completely new to the market. Replacement products might include renowned items with a new design and functions. Imitative products are common and are termed as Me Too products. Re-Launched products occurs when an original product had been declined but the company expects sufficient potential sale if product is altered through manipulating the marketing mix (Geoff. Lancaster and Paul. Reynolds, 2004). New Product success: most established companies focus on incremental innovation can allow companies to enter new markets by adapting existing market offerings for new customers. Seven notion of innovation: See the future through the eyes of yours customer Intellectual property and brand power are key assets. Use digital technology to create tools for customers. Build a championship team, not a group of championship. Innovation is a state of mind Speed is critical so push your organisation Partner up if you are not the best in something (Philip. Kotler, 2009) Technological change and new product development: There are important aspects regarding the impact of the pace of technological change and new product development. The first one in many industries life cycle is shorting. This then creates vicious circle in as much as the marketer must increasingly be looking for new products to replace the outdated ones. Second consequence of the increased pace of technological change is that there is now a premium on being able to develop and launch new products quickly (Geoff. Lancaster., Lester. Massingham Ruth. Ashfor, 2002). Lot of new concepts of business like e-commerce introduced and benefited to firms. It varied firms performance and keeping more available options to function and to develop its operations (Koellinger. P, 2008). ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS By primary research In terms of find out thats what changes has been made in Primark organization, I go through with primary research .I go through with managerial interviews from the Primark FALG SHIP store at oxford street London. I arrange group discussions on www.facebook.com to get the customer view that, are the customer are getting the results in the result of the company efforts. I met the store manager INA RANKIN and Dept. store manager MIA RAJ to find out recent innovation made by the company that influenced by technology. I done long time interview to collect valuable information and then elaborate in this assignment. (See appendices 1 for detail inerview) In the result of the interview we found some of the very significant changes that made by Primark and we point out below. New ordering and distribution system: Quality improvement. New Product Line. Cut the cost of packing. Improvement of store operations. Return and exchange policy. Digital administration system  [2]  . Reduction in customers queue  [3]   Treat in Primark ethical trading managed with IT  [4]  . Now I will have a look on each change in a little bit detail Quality improvement: Company constantly improving his quality of product and fitting to give the customer real satisfaction and value for money and the company always introduce new and improve technology in the manufacturing process. New Product Line: Primark introducing hundreds of new product lines every week to deliver up to date fashion regarding the customer needs and demand, when a new fashion introduce in the market its only take six weeks to come in company stores and it because of the advance and improve technological innovation. Primark introduced new product range as well like Denim Co, Butler and Webb range, Rebel, Early days and Backswing. Cut the cost of packing: Primark believes to deliver good quality products on affordable price, so company always try to find out new ways to minimize the price. In these days company made a strategy that to cut the cost of packing. Improvement of store operations: All the stores of Primark having a huge amount of customers every time and the pressure on the tilling was too much excessive, to reduce the customer check out time in long queues Primark installing more tills in every store, it helps the Primark to improve customer services and profitability as well. Return and Exchange Policy: Primark recently change its return and exchange policy. Prior if you want to return or exchange a product you could do only in same country with in 14 days but now you can return or exchange within 28 days and whichever country you want where company stores exist. Digital administration system: The Digital Administrative Management system (DAD) with Business Collaborators management solution providers has introduced to control of large information at one time and eliminated paper plans decreased admin costs by 50 percent as well as reduced confusion with overloading emails. Specifically it is supported to new store development functions. Good communication flow has been taking place with the system to control the information in an efficient way. Reduction in customers queue: An electronic call forward system is adopted to improve customer transaction times and minimise queuing at Primark. Treat in Primark ethical trading managed with IT In the past years, Primark is largely criticised in its gap in ethical trading systems with suppliers who are employing illegal migrant workers. Now new software having a tool Entropy will look the global suppliers to check the mandatory code of conduct of suppliers. Entropy is a web based supply chain audit systems, the remedial actions and quality of working environments can be checked. This is entirely a global system has its visibility and tools of greater control. Business Methodology of Primark Primark is the one of the largest company in UK related to ready mad garments, following are the business points of business methodology. Push urgency up: push up all the resources and skills for enhancement of quality in the field of garments industry using the high skilled and motivated team. Adaptation of new technology for control management process and ETI are significant practical way of getting in, with new information technology as Laudon and laudon 2008. New ordering system is a good example of JIT and Supply chain management. Primark all the time follow high moral and ethic values to serve customers and all member of organization. Its possible when customers happy and beneficial parallel with company in the industry. Interdicting new product lines, improvement of products quality, improving of operations management all are very relevant to TQM and Retail management theories. Primark has philosophy to provide facility of margin, benefits regarding price vice, quality vice, designing services and as well as with employees satisfaction, production, sale, logistic management and innovation for reducing cost and better management. Recommendations Primark should introduce online trading/purchasing. These will help them to increase their revenues, generate more profits and create customer value. It will also help them to become number one Retail firm in the UK. Primark should try to eliminate the perception of low quality from the Customers mind by introducing new products and offering a better quality and keeping the same price range. Primark should expand their business in developing countries. Primark should concentrate on Ethical trading where suppliers are employing unskilled labours to manufacture the clothing and are also offering them low pay scale which in turn is affecting the reputation of the Company. Primark should serve customers of all age groups and not just youngsters. Conclusion In this current credit crunch period where most of the companies are going to close down and some of them are struggling for their survival, Primark is the only organisation who is doing considerably well in this recession time. The only reason is that they are doing well is because they have understood the concept of innovation and change management. Innovation is very important for the organisation but people are scared to adapt and put themselves in innovation process as they dont know whether innovation will be good or bad for them or for their organisation. Primark has adapted to change and innovation has introduced various systems to operate their work efficiently and effectively. They are also opening new stores which are more spacious than before. The reason for their success is innovation. Innovation in Technology management and organisation plays a very important role in todays world of science.   References Albert N. (2006), Public Private Partnership Innovation Strategies and Policy Alternatives. USA: Spring Science + Business Media. Berman, B. and Evans, J. (2006) Retail Management a strategic approach. 10th ed., US, Pearson Prentice Hall. Chopra, S. and Meindl, P. (2007) Supply Chain Management. 3rd ed., USA: Pearson Education. Cooper, M.C., Lambert, M.D., Pagh, J.D., The International journal of logistics and Management, 1997, Volume-8, Page-1-14) Ettlie, J., (2006) Managing Innovation, 2nd , Butter worth-Heinemann Elsevier Fornell,C.,Krishnan,M.S.,and Mithas,S., Effect on Information Technology investments on Customer Satisfaction:Theory and Evidence,Ross school of Business Working Paper Series,Working Paper No.971,June 2005,pp 25-28 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation http://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2237685/primark-turns-manage-ethical [Accessed 12 August 2010] http://www.groupbc.com/clients/cases/Primark_Factsheet.pdf [Accessed 13 August 2010] http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ [Accessed 20 August 2010] Huber, G.P. Glick, W.H. (1995) Organisational change and redesign. 1st ed., US: Oxford University Press. Koellinger, P., (May, 2008) The Relationship between Technology, Innovation, and Firm Performance, Empirical Evidence on E-Business in Europe, ERIM Report Series Reference No.2008-031 Kotler, P. (2009) Marketing Management. London: Prentice Hall. Kotter, J. P. and Cohen, D. S. (2002) The heart of change. USA: Harvard Business Press. Kshetri, Nir,Institutional Factors Affecting Offshore Business Process and Information Technology Outsourcing, Journal of International Management, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2007. Lambert, D. M. (2008), Supply Chain Management. 3rd ed., Pearson Education. Lancaster G. and Reynolds P., (2004) Marketing. Wales UK, Palgrave Macmillan. Lancaster G., Massingham L. and Ashford R., (2002) Essentials of Marketing. 4th ed., London, McGraw-Hill. Laudon, J. and Laudon, K., (2008) Essentials of Management Information systems. 8th ed., Pearson Education. Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P. (2009) Management Information Systems. 11th ed., USA: Pearson Education. Lee, Jintae and Collar,Emilio, Information Technology Fashions(June 2002), MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4251-02,CCS No. 219 Mello et al (2006), Value Innovation Portfolio Management. Lauderdale, J. Ross Publishing. Nieto, M. (2006) An introduction to Human Resource Management. England: Palgrave Macmillan. Roger B. and Russel R. [2002], Innovative Leader. Managing Innovation by Managers, 11(5) Turner,J.,Laudon,Kenneth, Inforamtion technology and management strategy, NYU Working Paper No.IS-88-26,Feb 1988 www.bnet.com [Accessed on 12 August, 2010] www.Fashion.infomat [Accessed 15 August 2010]

The SWOT Analysis: Pepsi

The SWOT Analysis: Pepsi PEPSI is an international player in the soft drink market and operation across the world. In 1893, PepsiCo started its manufacturing in 1893. It got a new name as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898. Then in 1961, it was ultimately named as Pepsi. Initially it was marketed as Brads Drink. The substitutes available in the same market are as follows: 1) Coca-Cola 2) Cola Turka 3) Big Cola 4) RC-Cola In every segment of the target market, Pepsi is highly favorable. Due to its wise spread use at homes, ceremonies and during travels, it has been chosen for this project. Problem Statement In these days, management at the company has observed a significant delay in the sales of their product, Pepsi in this case. The demand for the particular has also declined with time. These business managers have proposed different factors affecting this problem. For instance: 1) A relatively good taste of Rival Products 2) Improvedvalue of Competitors Products 3) Low Price Rival Product 4) BetterPremeditatedDevelopment of Rival Companies Consequently Company Managers have comprehended the need of RE-FINANCING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLAN. It evaluated the company processes on the followings fators: SWOT ANALYSIS PEST 5 Cs (company/collaborators/customers/climate/competitors) 4/7 Ps-product,price,place,promotion,people,process,physical Environment. Market Analysis In the cold drink market, some of the players were: Distributers Retailers Customers Suppliers and Competitors With the entrance of other players into the market, there can have threats or benefits. In the case of Pepsi, this was of a significant value. We will analysis these factors as entrance to barriers on the SWOT basis. SWOT ANALYSIS:PEPSI Strengths Branding The premier brand of PepsiCo is Pepsi. In 2008, it got ranked at the 26th position out of 100 top brands of the world. The value of annual sales is $15000 million Other brands of the company include Diet Pepsi, Gatorade Mountain Dew and have the presence in over 200 countries. In the US beverage industry, it has a market share of 39% and 26% in the Snacks Industry. A large proportion of the sales is accumulated through these brands. Diversification The diversification includes the aspect that each top 18 brands of PepsiCo generates approximately $1000 million of annual sales. Distribution The wider distribution network of Pepsi works such that the manufactured product is delivered to warehouses, then to customers ware houses and then to retailers. Weaknesses Overdependence on Wal-Mart PepsiCos largest customer is Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart operates through low price themes which indirectly put pressures on Pepsi to lower down its prices in accordance with its biggest customers. Overdependence on USMarkets The US market generates around-+ 52% of Pepsis total revenues. Low Productivity Low productivity is evident from the fact that in 2008, the revenue that it generated was $219,439 per employee. It was significantly lower than its rivals in the market. Opportunities Expansion of Product Base PepsiCo is pursuing to cope with one of its major weakness: enslavement on US markets by getting Russias topJuice Company, Lebedyansky, and vwwater in the UK. In this way, it would be able to increase its product base in a more competitive market. International Expansion Currently PepsiCo is expanding by making investment in China ($1000 million) and India ($500 million). This points out towards the fact that it is trying to increase its international base and lower its dependency on the US market. The future plans include expansions in Brazil and Mexico through huge investments. Growing Savory Snack and Bottled Water Market in US There is a huge potential for PEPSICO to capitalize on the expanding bottle water market which is expected to have a $24 billion volume by 2012. Threats Sharp Decrease in the Sales of Carbonated Drinks The sales of soft drinks have decreased significantly.Though PepsiCois experiencing diversification but it projected that it would be facing the impact of this decrease. Possible Negative Influence of Government Regulation PepsiCo can be negatively affected as the state and central laws would hinder its operations in marketing, sales and manufacturing. Powerful Competition The one major competitor of PepsiCo in the market is Coca-Cola. Nestle and Marina is also counted as its rivals. The intensive, edge to edge competition in the market can affect pricing policies, marketing, sales and other promotion strategies put forward by the company. For instant the sales of juice has significantly increased for Coca-Cola as compared to Pepsi. Potential Commotion Due to Labor Unrest Pepsi Co is susceptible to strikes and other labor disputes. For example, a strike in India in 2008 had prevented the manufacturing for almost a month. These can exacerbate problems for the company. PEST ANALYSIS: PEPSI A particular business is dependent on an environment to get its revenues for the goods and services that it provides. These environments can both be external or internal. Political Environment: Pepsi To run a successful business, PepsiCo is dependent on the public policy as it is one of the largest multi nation companies in the world. Thus an active participation is essential for the company towards the deliberations of public policy. Political Involvement Policy Citizens Fund (CCF) is the respective entity of PepsiCo that gets voluntary employee assistances to make political campaign contributions to Federal and state political parties, PACs and electoral candidates. These actively help the company to take part in the democratic process in the country. Economic Environment: Pepsi The Primary responsibility of the company, PepsiCo, is to take the necessary measures to preserve the sustainability of the environment in which it works for instance ecological environment, social and economic. Pepsi Co is aware of the critical role that agriculture plays towards different aspects of the business operations. Pepsi Co also recognizes the dangers emerging out of the shortage in food supply and the respective food security threats. Social Environment: Pepsi The unique social environment at Pepsi Co is very desirable where its people are working together for a sustainable present of prosperity. This, in turn, would be beneficial for Pepsi itself. Its promise is to provide the localize versions of its products by keeping in mind the preferences of the local communities in which the business is operating. Technological Environment: Pepsi Technological advancements have helped PepsiCo to enhance its production capacity. Therefore it is making full use of the new technology. PepsiCo is getting a key help through advancements in IT. Situation Analysis: Pepsi It is very necessary for a company to satisfy the needs of its customers while maintaining the profitability through sales. This can be achieved if company keeps track of all the internal and external factors in that environment. 5Cs provide the Situation Analysis for a particular firm operating in a particular market. These are as follows Company Product line Image in the market Technology and Experience Goals Culture Collaborators Distributers Suppliers Coalitions Customers Market size and growth Market Segments Retail channel-where does the consumer actually purchase the product? Consumer Information Sources-where does the customer obtain information about the product? Rate of Purchase, seasonal factors Quantity purchased at a time Trends-how consumer needs and preferences change over time Competitors Real or Potential Direct or Indirect Products Positioning Market Shares Strengths and Weaknesses of competitors Climate or Context The climate or macro-environmental factors are: Political and Regulatory Environment: Which specific policies affect the company Economic Environment: business cycle, inflation rate, interest rates, and other topics Social/Cultural Environment: Trends and fashions in a particular society Technological Environment: The relationship between demand and the impact of technology 7 Ps -Product,Price,Place,Promotion,People,Process, Physical Environment: Pepsi 7 Ps are called Marketing Mix and help in meeting marketing objectives for a company. Pepsi-Product The cola drink includes the ingredients such as carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar, colorings, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric Acid and natural flavors. Following are the popular brands of PepsiCo: Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Tarik, Pepsi Samba, Mountain Dew, etc. Coke v/s Pepsi-Product Pepsi and Coke are the major rivals in the market and compete against a verity of products in the market: COKE PEPSI 1) The dark colored Cola drink initiated the rivalry with Pepsis carbonated drink 1) Pepsi too has a cola version of carbonated drink which competes against the coke 2) Vaultwas released by the Coca-Cola company in June 2005. It is a carbonated drink. 2) Mountain Dew MDXis the version released under Mountain Dew in 2005 after a new marketing campaign 3) Spriteis a clear lemon- time flavored soft drink manufactured by the coca-cola company. 3) 7 UP is a lemon carbonated drink competing with Sprite 4) Diet Coca-Colais a sugar free soft drink produced and distributed by the Coca-Cola Company 4) Diet Pepsiis a low-calorie carbonated cola. 5) Fantais a soft drink citrus brand owned by The Coca-Cola Company. 5)Mirindais soft drink brand owned by PepsiCo and it competes with Fanta Table : Coke v/s PEPSI Price Price is the monetary value of a good in a particular currency. Pricing is the major portion of the marketing mix. Before the entrance of PepsiCo in the market, Coke was the only player in the market nd it directed the price of the cola drink. The competition emerged after the entrance of Pepsi. Now the price is determined on the basis of competition between Coke and Pepsi. Pepsi portrays a flexible attitude and cut downs its prices at times. This has also incurred some loses for Pepsi due to the risks attached. Though the lowered prices would attract more customers, it also badly affects the production cost which becomes difficult to cover. This was an early phase situation for Pepsi but now it has recovered due to the rapid growth that it is making. Place In marketing, is a geographic location, an industry, a group of people to who company wants to sell its products. Pepsi like Coke has its network all over the world. Pepsi has joined forces with companies like Quaker Oats,Lipton etc. It runs ads in different localities of the world. Promotion Promotion encompasses 4-subcategories: Advertising Personal selling Sales Promotion Publicity and Public Relations A promotional strategy can include: a) Sales Shootouts b) New product reception c) Brand Equity Emergence d) Positioning e) Competitive retaliations f) Creation of a corporate image Pepsi and Coke have a special status regarding their promotional activities.The rivalry was initiated when Pepsi started its blind taste challenges. It took the method of a taste test at public places like shopping malls, community centric hubs etc. By letting people taste both the colas, they asked the people to select the preferred one so that people would buy Pepsi. The following chart provides a comparison between Pepsi and Coke: Figure : Price Comparison People- Pepsi Pepsi has deeply affected the lives of people by changing their preferences. Process-Pepsi Process involves the transformation of inputs into outputs. With the latest technology, pepsi has helped people to get a much better carbonated product. Physical Environment-Pepsi The internal and external environment has been affected by the operations of Pepsi and it holds a well-established position for that. THE RE-FINANCING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLAN It is the particular strategy of framing, executing and gauging decisions that allow an organization to meet its objectives. The making and designing of a strategy includes the following: Vision and Mission(the target of the business) Strength and Weakness Opportunities and threats The contemplations for top strategy devising are: Allocation of resources Business to enter or retain Business to divest or liquidate Joint ventures or mergers Whether to expand or not Moving into foreign markets Trying to avoid take over HRM and Strategy Strategists: are individuals who are most responsible for the success or failure of an organization. They are individuals who form strategies. They have various job titles, such as CEO, President, owner etc. Pepsi- Vision Statement PepsiCos responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate- environment, social, economic-creating a better tomorrow than today Pepsi Cola Mission Statement Our mission is to increase the value of our shareholders investment. We do this through sales growth, cost controls, and wise investment resources. We believe our commercial success depends upon offering quality and value to our consumers and customers. Providing products that are safe, wholesome,economically efficient and environmentally sound, and providing a fair return to our investors while adhering to the highest standards of integrity. Types of Strategy Competitive Advantage: Pepsi By taking our competitive strengths, and investing in them to create longer-term value to sustain growth. PepsiCo has 3 key advantages: big, muscular brands the proven ability to innovate and create differentiated products , and Powerful go-to-market systems. Cost Advantage It is the global leader in savory snacks, and those snacks can be paired with its beverages in the marketplace. Those pairings will enable PepsiCo to provide unique offerings to retail and foodservice customers. Market Dominance It is one of the worlds most familiar consumer food and beverage companies, offering brands like Frito-Lay, Gatorade, Tropicana and Quaker. The Coke vs. Pepsi conflict raged on for decades across the country on supermarket shelves, fast food restaurants and the like. New Product Development Pepsi As a consumer-focused company, we want to enrich the lifestyles of our consumers while increasing the local relevance of the products we make. We recognize the need to understand and respect local cultures, rituals, patterns and intake gaps when developing delicious-tasting convenient and affordable products for consumers in that market. For example, in India, we have introduced a whole-grain product for breaking the fast around the observance of Ramadan. In China, we have introduced congee (with whole grains and reduced sodium) as a locally relevant breakfast offering to add nutritional value to the Chinese diet, and were introducing products made from grains in sub-Saharan Africa as a change from those made with plain flour. Contraction/Diversification IndraNooyi, PepsiCo Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, said, Our results this quarter reinforce the advantages of our balanced portfolio, as our food and international businesses delivered solid performance while we continued the transformation of our North American beverage business. As part of its strategy to grow in key markets, the company recently announced plans to invest $1 billion over the next four years in China, PepsiCos highest priority growth market. And, in Russia, PepsiCo along with its partner The Pepsi Bottling Group, Inc. announced a plan to invest $1 billion over the next three years. Price Leadership Strategy An observation made of oligopolistic business behavior in which one company, usually the dominant competitor among several, leads the way in determining prices, the others soon following. The context is a state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers. Pepsi- Global Strategy It is not just another beverage on the vast shelf of choices. Pepsi made a decision years ago to diversify its offering and branch into the global arena. Pepsi is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York. It is a manufacturing company distributing beverages and snack foods across 200 countries. Pepsi-Reengineering Strategy Reengineering initiatives typically lead to a business organization with these characteristics: 1. Business processes are simplified rather than being made more complex. 2. Job descriptions expand and become multi-dimensional people perform a broader range of tasks. Downsizing PepsiCo Inc. is considering cutting approximately 4,000 employees and reducing pension contributions in order to increase their income.Citing a source, reported the New York Post, quoted by Reuters on Friday (06.01.2012), currently the company offers retirement plans and matching contributions to 401 thousand retirement savings account.One of these large companies believes that by offering both of these are an act that is more generous.Pepsi-party claims when 401 thousand by eliminating the retirement savings account that will save the company up to USD75 million. The layoffs, accounting for approximately one percent more than the payroll company, will include a small number of workers at its headquarters. Delayering To lessen the size of a business hierarchy, especially in terms of a reduction in management. This creates a flatter(less layered) organizational structure. There have been numerous cases of companies delayering their organization structures over the past few years. Many of these companies include industry leaders rarely satisfied with their past success, continually searching to improve all facets of their business, including their management structure. Recent examples of well-known companies that have delayered include Pepsi-Cola, Hewlett-Packard, Corning, Tenneco, and General Electric, to name only a few. RESTRUCTURING PepsiCo Inc. plans to cut 8,700 jobs in a restructuring as it seeks to offset high commodity costs and increases investment in advertising and marketing in North America.Its a lower figure than sources had expected. Of PepsiCos 100,000 U.S. workers, about 2,000, or 2 percent, are on the chopping block, say knowledgeable sources, a figure Mr. Nicolas couldnt immediately confirm. Some 1,800 people work at the West Loop headquarters of Quaker Oats, Gatorade and Tropicana. Other PepsiCo teams plus its global nutrition group also are in Chicago. Mr. Nicolas declined to comment on specific jobs or people before the company notifies workers of their status this week. The Financial Analysis Pepsi Bottling Group is the worlds largest manufacturer, seller and distributor of Pepsi-Cola beverages. With annual sales of nearly $11 billion, the companys fastest growing segment is non-carbonated beverages, including the number one brand of bottled water in the U.S., Aquafina, as well as Tropicana juice drinks and Lipton Ice Tea. As part of a 24/7 production operation, the companys Detroit plant ships about 27 million cases per year. Production at the plant begins as empty bottles are unloaded from trucks via conveyor and transported to a depalletizer. From there, they are, rinsed, dried and sent to a filling machine (filler speeds at the plant vary based on bottle size, ranging from 350 to 1,000 bottles per minute). The bottles leave the fillers and make their way to a packaging machine, and then to a palletizer. Each pallet is wrapped for distribution and moved to the warehouse for shipping. We can show the statement of financial position of PEPSI Inventory (raw materials) in different years in the following chart. Figure : Financial Position of PEPSI Inventory (raw materials)

Social institutions Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout the years there have been many social institutions that have made a dramatic impact on society; none more important than families. In today’s modern industrialized societies, families carry out basic necessities that other social institutions cannot. Different skills such as responsibility can also be acquired from families where it can be applied to everyday life. Furthermore families in the past needed to be the most important social institution to ensure their survival. Since the pre-industrialized era, families are considered the most important social institution because they provide for our basic needs, teach us to acquire new skills, and assure our survival.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Families in today’s modern industrialized societies carry out basic necessities that other social institutions are incapable of. In order for more generations of people to come about, protection must be provided for them. Means of protection may include: A safe home, food, money, and clothing until offspring can provide for themselves. Families also regulate reproduction which can also be interpreted as population contribution. Since everybody eventually dies, older members can replace themselves by producing new members in their families and subsequently new members in society. Another necessity that families carry out is the socialization of children. For example: Manners such as please and thank you, and behaviour in public areas are instilled in children at young ages. N...

Death Of The Superstars :: essays research papers

Death of the Superstars Have you ever wondered what it would be like to listen to some of the greatest music stars of our time. I'm talking about the stars that never made it to full prominence. The list of players is alarmingly high and sad. The potential of these performers never met. It would be something to see what the music of today would be like. I was reading a book awhile back. Don't laugh, I read sometimes. It was a book from I'm sorry to say, Stephen King. All right I'm not sorry. I like him! Anyway, it was called something like, "They Have a Great Band There!" It was a story of two young adults driving along a country road, the young man driving was obviously lost but wouldn't admit it. I'm told guys do that often. As the road continued to narrow and the brush continued to close in on them. They suddenly found a sign that had the name of a town that neither one of them heard of. They decided to go down and see if someone could give them directions. They soon were out of they're car and looking for someone to help them. They both noticed at the same time that the man behind the counter of the local pub that they were in looked a lot like John Lennon. They also noted the young lady singing in the corner looked and sounded incredibly like Janice Joplin. The book or should I say short story continued on as only King could, people dying , strange conversations and just weirdness in general. Now, I told that little story because I wanted to give you a little background on why I chose this subject. What would have happened if Jimi Hendrix had lived? His music lives on even today. When he was alive he only release 3 studio albums and if you go into the stores you probably will find no less than 10 different albums from him. Today's kids and people supposedly in the know, like to put music into different categories. Rap, Alternative, Rock, Jazz, Classical. Hendrix crossed all those. I not being black wouldn't know for sure but, would his living have spawned more black rock musicians. Say that happened. Would it be possible that in today's music. There might be more black people listening to rock music and less whites. I say this cause if he did live on and became a role model for young black musicians. There might be more interest in rock than there is currently.

Subjectivity Of Justice Amongst Societies English Literature Essay

Schlink efficaciously employs word picture through the supporter Michael Berg to exemplify the cardinal subjectiveness of different sorts of justness portrayed throughout history. As a reader we are presented with a German society where most persons were either involved or affected, both straight and indirectly by World War II. This is besides no exclusion with the life affecting Michael, with his male parent being expelled from his university talking station because of his bizarre doctrines which were against Hitler ‘s purposes. Michael is portrayed as a naif kid raised in a society plagued with the load of war. While at his most guiltless point in his life, a vulnerable Michael begins a insouciant relationship with Hanna, a former SS guard at the Auschwitz concentration cantonment. From this Schlink highlights Michael ‘s exposures and how Hanna uses her laterality and mature temptingness to command Michael ‘s naif nature. Her actions are finally the cause of Micha el ‘s development from an guiltless kid into an emotionless adult male which acts as a polar point in the development of the text ‘s major subjects. This is because Schlink so presents Michael ‘s narrative throughout the text as undependable, which is symbolic of the subjectiveness of justness amongst societies. In the tribunal tests sing Hanna, different events are retold as through the narrative an undependable recount is given which reiterates the subjectiveness of all versions of history which lead to justness. This is reiterated through Michael ‘s comments on his changeless cunctation and how they support Schlink ‘s usage of Michael ‘s undependability to portray the subjectiveness of justness, † But today I can acknowledge that events back so were portion of a life-long form in which thought and making have either come together or failed to come together-I think, I reach a decision, I turn the decision into a determination † From the finding of fact of the test, Schlink forces the reader to finally question justness through the tribunal system and one version of events warrants the harshest of all humane punishments. Although Hanna ‘s actions were inhumane, as a reader we are positioned through narrative to experience sympathetic and believe although her actions should n't be condoned, as a reader we should oppugn who has the ultimate incrimination. This is done by sing who should be brought to justice more righteously, the caputs of evil governments, or their pawns bring downing enduring while non to the full being metaphorically illiterate to what is go oning. Schlink efficaciously uses symbolism to uncover the ignorance of the German people post the Nazi Regime and how the bequest of guilt still remains evident. This is particularly the instance through the symbolism casted by Schlink when associating to Hanna ‘s illiteracy. Throughout the bulk of the text it becomes progressively evident that Hanna is illiterate. This is first foreshadowed by Schlink one time Michael leaves a note which Hanna can non read, so in an effort decode it, she assumes it is about him go forthing and as a consequence she punishes him with her â€Å" leather supporter belt † to exert her authorization, cutting his lip in the procedure. It is so discovered she had resigned from several occupations due to frights of being incapable and society going aware of her illiteracy. In kernel her illiteracy is symbolic of the moral illiteracy of the German society and how the bequest of guilt remains. Although Hanna is illiterate, this does non needfully intend she is an invalid. Her function in the Nazi government was one forced by societal economic force per unit areas and was unable to grok the true badness of her actions. The German society mirrors her actions through the ignorance expressed throughout society. The moral illiteracy through ignorance becomes evident during the tribunal proceedings where Hanna is under scrutiny from the justice, and in an effort to warrant her actions she beckons to the justice â€Å" what would you hold done? † The justice is so baffled and moves on towards the following topic as she repeats the same inquiry momently after. Schlink illustrates Hanna ‘s illiteracy to symbolically stand for a true appraisal of an nescient Germany society, plagued with moral illiteracy that are unable to grok the agony felt by the Judaic people. As a reader we are so positioned to contemplate the inquiries associating to justness and disapprobation being presented to us by Schlink. It becomes evident that Sch link conveys the audience to be positioned to oppugn how a society can judge those who have done incorrect, while their ignorance has done nil to forestall or handle any farther wrong. Once once more Schlink uses symbolism to uncover how corporate guilt burdens an person. This is revealed through Hanna ‘s realization of her actions through the tribunal room and her clip in prison. Before her realization she led a life of illiteracy which so reflected her actions, nevertheless while in prison she was given hope by Michael for a new found life. This was done through the changeless sending of audio books recorded by Michael. Slowly Hanna began to understand literature and this is when she realised the full extent of her actions. Schlink portrays Hanna ‘s self-destruction as a agency of going free from the collective guilt which was placed onto her. Symbolically Schlink uses an old tea box to function as Hanna ‘s manner of seeking forgiveness to her lasting victim. Michael follows her concluding wants and finally travels trying to manus over the gift as a mark of Hanna ‘s forgiveness. The writer gracefully diminutions but is pleased to have a po rtion of the gift, a tea box which reminds her of one she one time possessed whilst in the cantonment. Schlink illustrates this minute as the sympathetic rapprochement scene where Hanna ‘s bequest is continued, with forgiveness sought.

Prostitution Case Study Essay

in that respect argon too m on the whole wowork force and girls who atomic number 18 lured to prostitution. Men and boys be also cosmos exposed for rideual purposes. In the 1998 find out by the Inter bailiwick Labor governance of rules (ILO), it was estimated that there were at least 400,000 to 500,000 prostituted persons in the Philippines with an estimated 60,000 to 100,000 children. In two hundred4, the number of those apply in prostitution al matchless reached 600,000 and it ballooned to 800,000 in 2005. In a 2009 playing field, there were around 800,000 prostituted persons in the Philippines half of them are children. Annually, it is estimated that 3,266 children are obligate into prostitution. The Philippines ranks poop among the nations with the most number of children in prostitution as revealed in a study of UNICEF. Prostitution may flat be the countrys fourth largest source of GNP according to the study by the Psychological Trauma curriculum of the Univers ity of the Philippines.2Prostitution thrives because of familiar practice divergence and lack of respect for womens tender rights clearly manifested on the false idea that women are inferior, informal objects and commodities while men are superior, decision-makers and owners of properties. The system also thrives because of Byzantine socio-cultural and economic factors poverty, under(a)-education, unemployment and economic disparity and exponent relations, making it easier for those who have more bullion and power to exploit more un fostered population and lead them into prostitution and the sex trade. Women do non make a rational choice in ledger entry prostitution they countersinktle with the limited options operable to them bearing conditions of in par that are set by the customers who pay women to do what they take them to do. At some point, State policies which are gender blind on the offspring of prostitution may even resolvent in compromising Filipino wome ns bodily integrity to sex tourists, outside and local, military and big business.Our society has do prostitution hidden in simply sight although it is everywhere, we tend to disregard and do not give priority to addressing it. term 202 of the RPC as amended by R.A. 101583 provides oblige 202. Prostitutes Penalty. For the purposes of this article, women who, for specie or profit, habitually vitiate in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct, are deemed to be prostitutes. either person found guilty of any of the offenses covered by this article shall be punished by arrestomenor or a fine not 200 pesos, and in case of recidivism, by arrest mayor in its medium time period to prison correctional in its minimum period or a fine ranging from 200 to 2,000 pesos, or both, in the discretion of the court. emphasis added.Notably, the to a higher frame provision focuses law enforcement and legal sanctions only if on prostituted women. This is clearly an affront to women as it c ontinues to criminalize prostituted women, while letting the customers and the pimps go unscathed.SALIGAN, in its mission towards the empowerment of women end-to-end the country, joins various womens groups in their rumpus for national legislations that will fully tell womens rights and gender equality. Towards this end, SALIGAN set ups and calls for the passage of the procreative fountainheadness Bill and the Anti-Prostitution Bill.The Reproductive Health Bill is a recognition reproductive health is a basic military personnel right and it is the obligation of the presidency to protect and facilitate the enjoyment of this right.The Anti-Prostitution Bill res publicas that women exploited in prostitution should never be treated as criminals instead, they should be treated as victim-survivors of sexual exploitation. Being victim-survivors, the point should not be attributed to sexually-exploited women but on those who take advantage of them, as well as those who profit and gai n from their sexual victimization. The proposed pieces of legislation find bases global instruments, initiatory of which is the International Bill of homophile Rights which lays galvanic pile the radical human rights of every individual. name 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set onward without distinction of any patient of, such as race, colour,sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. It recognized gender equality as one of the basic tenets of humanity.In addition to this, the Philippines is also a signer to the the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the paramount international human rights instrument espousing the promotion, protection and fulfilment of womens rights. As signatory to CEDAW, the Philippines is job bound to give life to the pabulum of the Convention by incorporating into its legal system laws that r ecognize gender equality, define as well as prohibit gender discrimination and mould forth a national agenda that would end all forms of discrimination against women in its society. Twenty-six yrs after the ratification to the Convention, the Philippine political relation has been remiss in complying with its State obligations under the Convention.Furthermore, the 1987 Constitution recognizes the role women in nation-building and ensures fundamental equality before the law among men and women. As a soil policy, it is therefore incumbent upon the State to reenact measures towards gender equality. Beyond international and constitutional bases, theabove-mentioned proposed measures would address pressing issues of women who,more much than not, without protection from the State through interior(prenominal) laws,suffer from gender discrimination, marginalization and violence.V. Summary and final StatementProstitution is the action of providing the sexual services to the other p eople for money (Lauer & Lauer, 2001). There are 50% of the countries in the world allowd prostitution, 10% of the countries limited the legality, and Philippines is one in the 40% countries that prostitution is fence as illegal (Prostitution ProCon.org, 2010). There are many different ideas toward legalizing prostitution. Majority of Philippine people do not support prostitution while some people said legalizing the prostitution is beneficial than disadvantage. I think prostitution should not be legalized for five main conditions it is not pillow slip with law, not suit with government policy, not fair to prostitutes, increase the HIV/ aid rate, and not suit with our culture.The first reason is that, prostitution is not complying by Philippine law. Philippines constitution is not support the prostitution. accord todegree 46 the first separate states that human trafficking, prostitution, and phonogram that cause bad partake on the value of female is verboten by law (LICADHO, 2003). Officially, all laws moldiness be subject to the Constitutional legal philosophy of Philippines, so Prostitution could not be legalized in Philippines.Also, in the Law of Anti-human-trafficking and technical on humanity says that all kind of sexual services are prohibit by law, and the person who run a business of providing the sexual service essential be imprison from one year to five years, and find rank from 5 million pesos to 30 million pesos, states in Law of human trafficking and commercial activities on humanity (as cited in ADHOC, 2008). If the state wants to legalize the prostitution, it has to edit many laws that already put in to practice.The second reason is that our government policies do not support prostitution. governing of Philippines advertises Philippines as the place for best place to live and cultural tourism, but if the state legalizes prostitution